Gastritis is an inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa, which inevitably leads to digestive problems. A person begins to digest food poorly, as a result of which his health deteriorates, weakness and lethargy appear. According to statistical data, approximately half of all residents of our country experience symptoms of gastritis to one degree or another.
Diet for gastritis
Many people wonder: what kind of diet should be followed for gastritis? This is a very important issue, because proper nutrition is the main part of the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. If you have gastritis, you should always follow a bland diet, and if your health improves, you can gradually return to your normal eating habits. In some cases, doctors prescribe an individual diet for gastritis.
It should be remembered that enzyme deficiency occurs with gastritis, so in some cases it is necessary to use enzyme preparations such as Micrazim along with diet to improve digestion.
There are two types of gastritis: acute and chronic. In different people, these forms can be accompanied by high and low degrees of stomach acidity. Acute gastritis is of the following types:
- fibrinous (increases with the occurrence of infectious diseases);
- catarrh (accompanied by violation of the integrity of the outer mucous membrane of the stomach);
- phlegmonous (causes purulent inflammatory processes in the walls of the stomach);
- corrosive (one of the side effects of poisoning).
Chronic pain, in turn, occurs as follows:
- superficial;
- hypertrophic;
- polyposis;
- bacterial;
- granulomatous;
- autoimmunity.
Another type of chronic gastritis is characteristic of people whose stomach walls are damaged as a result of systematic intake of large amounts of alcohol.
Basic principles of diet for gastritis
Remember that a proper diet for gastritis is the key to successfully overcoming symptoms. If the acidity of your gastric juice increases, you should eat foods that help reduce its activity. Follow these three rules:
- Mechanical principle. Avoid foods that contain coarse fiber. Such products include onion plants, lean meat and bran. In addition, foods cooked in oil are strictly prohibited.
- Chemical principle. Avoid foods that increase gastric secretions. This list includes alcohol, carbonated water, citrus fruits (including their juice), coffee, black bread, cabbage and rich meat broth.
- Thermal principle. Do not eat foods that are too hot or too cold. They irritate the esophagus, and cold food stays in the stomach longer than usual.
What foods can you eat if you have gastritis?
Add lean meat (such as rabbit) to your diet. Duck, lamb and goose are not allowed, but chicken can only be eaten without the skin.
Other acceptable foods and meals include:
- river fish;
- seafood;
- egg white omelet;
- oatmeal and buckwheat porridge;
- milk;
- zucchini, pumpkin, tomato, carrot, various vegetables;
- fruits with high sugar content;
- boiled and pureed fruits.
What should be missing from the diet?
If you have been diagnosed with gastritis caused by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori, it is not appropriate to prescribe a diet for yourself. Be sure to consult a gastroenterologist or a nutritionist so that the treatment of gastritis is consistent and effective.
With this disease, the menu should not include:
- Fresh baked goods, especially rye breads, as well as hard pastries. It is better to eat white bread, plain cookies, pies.
- Soups with rich soups, including mushroom soup, cabbage soup and borscht. Such dishes should be replaced with light vegetable soups with potatoes, cabbage, carrots and onions.
- Smoked foods, as well as fat and meat with veins. Instead, it is better to eat boiled or steamed meat dishes (cutlets, meatballs). Allowed types of meat are chicken and lamb.
- Hard-boiled eggs and fried omelette. They should be replaced with soft-boiled eggs and steamed omelets.
- Various salty and spicy foods, marinades, chocolate, carbonated drinks, coffee and kvass.
- Alcohol.
Diet for high acidity
With this type of gastritis, fruits and vegetables should not be consumed in excess, as they can worsen health. However, do not completely remove these foods from the menu. Avoid foods that stimulate the production of stomach acid and choose foods that reduce acid. By eating right, you will lose less weight than you will gain. Below is a table showing the permitted and prohibited products:
| Vegetables: carrots, pumpkin, potatoes, beets. Light vegetable salads. Tomatoes: ripe, chopped. Cucumber without skin. | Greening. |
| Fruits: non-acidic, ripe, without peel (banana, pear, apple). Fruits are best eaten cooked rather than raw. Watermelon and melon - in very limited quantities. | Fried potatoes, pickled foods, sauerkraut. |
| Milk (cow or goat), cream, yogurt. Fresh cheese. | Cream, buttermilk, hard cheese. |
| Soup with dietary broth. | Cabbage soup and a rich broth. |
| Pasta | legumes |
| Boiled chicken or rabbit meat, lean river fish. | Smoked meat, fish and high-fat meat, canned food. |
| Oats and buckwheat | Dried fruits |
| soft boiled eggs. | Chocolate |
| Crackers, white bread (sat out for two days), dry cookies. | Hard-boiled eggs, fried omelet. |
| Weak tea and coffee, cocoa with milk. | Rye and freshly baked bread. Cakes, cream-filled pastries. |
Low acid diet
In such conditions, it is necessary to eat differently than before. Foods that increase gastric secretion should be eaten. The table below shows foods that are suitable for remission. If you have severe pain in the stomach, you should remove foods that irritate the stomach tissues from the menu.
Vegetables: baked potatoes, tomatoes, greens, carrots, beets, pumpkins, pickles.
Diet for gastritis - general recommendations
Patients with gastritis should remove spices used in the cooking process from the menu. You can improve the taste of the dish with fresh herbs (parsley, dill, celery). Greens also help to add vitamins to your diet: try to spice up your meals with finely chopped greens.
You should eat small meals, but avoid snacks; thus, the stomach will not have difficulty digesting food. Chew food well and eat slowly. Hastily eaten food worsens health and aggravates gastritis. Chew the food until it becomes an easily digestible paste.
Remember that a proper and balanced diet is the key to treating gastritis. Many patients who follow a strict diet during treatment report that within 4 weeks they have successfully overcome all symptoms and pain associated with this disease.
Important: before use, read the instructions or consult a doctor.
What to eat for gastritis?
Characteristics of gastritis
Gastritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the stomach lining that causes pain, loss of appetite and other symptoms. Among all pathologies of the digestive tract, most patients suffer from this disease.
Many people underestimate the importance of timely detection of gastritis and consider it a minor deviation that does not require treatment. It is believed that the disease does not cause any harm and will gradually go away without treatment. However, if treatment methods and diet are not used in time, the pathology can gradually turn into stomach and duodenal ulcer and malignant transformation.
Etiological factors
Many studies have been conducted, statistical data have been collected, according to which the basis for the development of gastric inflammatory pathology is Helicobacter pylori. It is a bacterium that attacks the walls of the stomach and duodenum. Most people are only carriers of bacteria, but under the influence of negative factors, it actively multiplies and causes pathology. This Helicobacter pylori can cause the development of atypical cells of the mucosa over time, which leads to malignant degeneration.
- Eat poor quality food. It includes fatty, fried, spicy, smoked and excessively salty foods. This type of food has an aggressive effect on the walls of the stomach and causes an inflammatory process. Due to damage, Helicobacter pylori begins to multiply actively.
- Kurenie) During smoking, nicotine and smoke spread to the respiratory tract and digestive system. This has a negative effect on the mucous membrane, causing irritation and increased inflammation.
- Drinking large amounts of alcohol. It has a toxic effect on various tissues of the body, including the gastrointestinal tract. This causes inflammation to occur or worsen.
- Stress. Great physical and psychoemotional stress. These factors cause the active production of cortisol. This leads to an increase in hydrochloric acid. If there is no food bolus on the walls of the stomach, damage will occur.
If the patient is affected by several factors at the same time, the disease develops faster.
Clinical signs
In the initial stage, the patient and the doctor may not notice the visual symptoms. The greater the damage, the more actively the inflammatory process develops.
- pain in the epigastric region, increasing stress, eating, hunger;
- nausea, vomiting that occurs regardless of food;
- constipation, diarrhea.
There are signs that can be used to determine whether a patient has gastroenterological pathology.
- frequent occurrence of epigastric pain;
- point pain in the middle of the abdomen;
- heartburn;
- frequent throat;
- constipation, diarrhea;
- occasional nausea;
- vomiting for no reason;
- the presence of various gastroenterological diseases in close relatives;
- presence of bad habits (smoking, drinking a lot of alcohol, overeating);
- occasional use of a strict diet.
The diagnosis is not self-diagnosed, as the symptoms may be temporary disorders or other acute, chronic diseases. It is important to pass the examination and diagnosis of the doctor, who prescribes conservative or radical treatment depending on the developing lesion.
Diet
- gastroenterologist;
- nutritionist.
It will be better if these doctors work together to provide quality treatment.
- the degree of damage to the mucous membrane;
- degree of spread of damage to different parts of the gastrointestinal tract;
- reasons for defeat.
After the detailed information is collected, a diet plan is created. This is one of the main methods of treatment that reduces the burden of the gastrointestinal tract.
- with high acidity;
- with low acidity.
Regardless of the type of diet chosen, the gastroenterologist should remind you of the basic principles of proper nutrition during illness.
- Split up. The total amount of food that the patient needs to consume in 1 day is determined. It is divided into 6 parts, evenly distributing food throughout the day. In other words, the patient should eat every 3 hours. Since these factors have a negative effect on the state of the stomach, you should not overeat or starve. One serving is about the size of two palms.
- To chew. Consumed food begins to be digested in the oral cavity under the influence of saliva containing enzymes. Therefore, it is necessary to chew each piece for a long time.
- Rest after eating. You should sit and lie down for 30 minutes so that the digestion process starts smoothly.
- The temperature. If the inflammatory process is suspected, eat warm food. It should not be too hot or cold.
- Water mode. In order to maintain a stable water-electrolyte balance and to prevent the development of dehydration, it is necessary to drink at least 2 liters of water per day. Drink small amounts of water throughout the day.
- Getting the required protein. Proteins are the building blocks of the body. Thanks to them, damaged tissues recover faster after gastritis.
- Prohibition of eating excessively coarse food. It should not contain parts that could damage the damaged structure of the mucous membrane.
- Proper cooking. It is boiled, steamed, baked. No smoking or grilling.
- Prohibition of alcohol consumption, caffeine, energy drinks, soda.
- Maintaining the concentration of vitamins. If they are normal, metabolism and metabolism are improved, the nervous system and digestive tract are strengthened. If nutrients are insufficient, multivitamin preparations are used.
The use of these rules will reduce the burden on the stomach during treatment.
Fruits with high acidity
Gastritis with normal or high acidity requires special nutrition. It is necessary to control the temperature of food: food whose temperature is higher than 40-50 ⁰C should not be eaten. Fruits can be eaten pureed, steamed, boiled, baked or stewed or in the form of purees, mousses, jellies, jellies or compotes. It is not recommended to use fruits with a lot of organic acids (pomegranates, citrus fruits, fresh apricots), unripe or sour fruits. During the growing season, all fruits should be used only in the form of puree. The rest of the time it's good to use:
- sweet varieties of apples;
- avocado.
Fruits with low acidity
For the opposite form of gastritis, when acidity decreases, doctors recommend other fruits:
- citrus fruits - preventing the formation of harmful cells, maintaining normal acidity;
- Pomegranate and its juice help restore the mucous membrane of the stomach;
- peaches - promote the production of gastric juice, but they can be eaten only by patients who are not allergic to fruit.
Pay attention! For any pathology of the intestines, you should not overload the stomach and follow the diet prescribed by the doctor.
Diet for gastritis with high acidity
- excessive production of hydrochloric acid;
- increase the acidity of hydrochloric acid.
Normally, hydrochloric acid is intended to break down the contents of the stomach. But it should be within certain limits in order not to damage the body's own tissues.
- inflammation;
- erosion;
- wound;
- perforation.
Gastritis can occur at any age. A long exposure to a harmful factor is sufficient for the development of the inflammatory process. If the acidity of gastric juice increases, it is necessary to follow a certain diet that lowers these indicators.
Pay attention! Many patients find that taking antacids reduces the acidity of gastric juice. However, it is forbidden to take these drugs independently. They have contraindications and side effects.
In order to be successful in using the diet, it is necessary to follow certain rules.
- Avoid foods that damage or weaken the stomach walls. It is a food that contains fiber and solid elements. For example, cereal, bread, bran, string meat. All food should be as soft and easy to digest as possible.
- Avoid various foods and drinks that increase the acidity of hydrochloric acid. For example, citrus fruits, canned food, coffee, alcohol, soda.
- eat food at a warm temperature. Do not use boiling water, hot liquids or food. Cold food is also not accepted. Optimal limits - 25-35 degrees.
If the patient's gastritis worsens and causes unbearable pain, then a strict diet should be started immediately. It helps to significantly reduce the inflammatory process and allows tissue regeneration. On the 3rd day, the person will feel better. But this is possible only with the help of additional use of medicines prescribed by the doctor.
- low-fat chicken or vegetable broth (for example, oatmeal) with crackers, which can be replaced with soft porridge;
- pasta soup with milk (hard pasta is allowed);
- boiled young potatoes without cream and salt;
- low-fat milk to avoid increased burden on the gastrointestinal tract due to the formation of high concentrations of lactose.
If there is a severe exacerbation and acute pain, then each product is added gradually, in small portions. This allows the digestive tract to adapt and does not cause adverse reactions. And if the food causes nausea or increased pain, it is better to replace it with other types of food.
After the acute period, the diet is continued.
- boiled, baked eggs, which contain a high concentration of protein (the yolk can be removed to limit the amount of fat);
- lean meat of chicken, rabbit, beef, cooking, boiling, steaming (remove the skin before cooking);
- fish and seafood with a large amount of omega-3, which has a positive effect on the digestive tract and nervous system;
- first boil milk;
- soup with added cereal (any grain except semolina is allowed);
- vegetables sold in the store depending on the season;
- fruits that are recommended to be eaten between main meals in order not to stress the gastrointestinal tract, but not to leave the stomach empty;
- quality sausage;
- olive, sunflower oil;
- dumplings and similar products prepared at home from natural minced meat and thin dough;
- liquid products, of which the liver has the most positive effect, because it contains a large number of trace elements and vitamins;
- soft cheeses;
- honey, weak tea, decoctions of herbs, dried fruit compote.
- bakery products, buns, fresh pastries;
- candies, chocolate;
- Dairy Products.
All these foods increase the acidity of the stomach. Carbohydrates have a negative effect on any part of the digestive tract, causing strong acidity. This is a favorable environment for the proliferation of Helicobacter pylori. In addition, chewing gum should be avoided, as it actively produces hydrochloric acid. If it is more, acid gastritis increases. This can lead to erosions and ulcers.
Diet for gastritis with low acidity
With this type of inflammatory process of the stomach, the concentration and acidity of hydrochloric acid decreases. Therefore, food is poorly digested, large pieces of food enter the intestine, which causes a large burden on it. This has a negative effect on the entire state of the digestive tract. As a rule, such gastritis affects people over 40 years old.
- atrophic condition of gastric mucosa;
- tissue thinning;
- Decreases parietal cell function.
Gastritis with low acidity is one of the dangerous diseases that are difficult to treat. Therefore, it is important to start treatment at an early stage, before the precancerous disease appears.
To correct the pathology, it is necessary to consume food that stimulates the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. It is also necessary to increase its acidity in order to process the food bolus.
Pay attention! It is necessary to simultaneously increase acidity and strain the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, it is forbidden to use fatty, spicy, fried, smoked food, fast food, and alcoholic beverages, despite the fact that they increase acidity.
- drink 200 ml of slightly carbonated mineral water before meals;
- chew food carefully, slowly devour each part, the whole meal takes at least 30 minutes;
- It is recommended to eat fruits that increase acidity between meals, you can cook them in advance to avoid stress.
- lean types of meat - chicken, turkey, rabbit, young calf;
- various types of fruits and vegetables without rough fiber structure (citrus fruits, white cabbage and cauliflower are recommended);
- vegetable and meat broth;
- a small concentration of carbohydrates in the form of sweets and baked goods;
- various types of sour milk products;
- canned food;
- herbal decoctions, tea, fruit and fruit compote.
Milk in any form reduces the acidity of gastric juice, so it is forbidden to use it in the preparation of a diet.
Gastritis is one of the most common digestive problems in the population. The disease can affect patients of any age. It can be prevented if you use the rules of prevention. However, if the pathology has already developed, it should be diagnosed in time and treatment should be started to prevent complications. Therapy is based on proper and high-quality nutrition, lifestyle improvement, and avoidance of bad habits. The diet is selected individually for each patient, depending on the degree of damage and the acidity of gastric juice.